Condition

Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a refractive error in which light focuses in front of the retina, usually because the eyeball is to...

Hyperopia, or farsightedness, is a refractive error in which light focuses behind the retina because the eye is relatively short o...

Astigmatism is a refractive error in which the cornea or lens is not evenly curved, so light entering the eye is focused different...

Presbyopia is the gradual, age related loss of the ability of the eye to focus on near objects. It results from progressive stiffe...

A cataract is a clouding of the normally clear crystalline lens of the eye. Most cataracts are age related, but other risk factors...

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by progressive damage to the optic nerve, with loss of retinal ganglion cells an...

Age related macular degeneration, AMD, is a degenerative disease of the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for det...

Diabetic retinopathy is damage to the small blood vessels of the retina caused by chronically elevated blood glucose in diabetes. ...

Retinal detachment is a separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium and its blood supply....

Dry eye disease is a common disorder of the tear film and ocular surface in which tears are insufficient in quantity or quality to...

Conjunctivitis, commonly called pink eye, is inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin transparent membrane covering the white of ...

Keratoconus is a progressive eye disease in which the cornea thins and bulges forward into a cone shape, causing increasing irregu...

Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy is a progressive disease of the corneal endothelium, the single layer of cells on the inner su...

Amblyopia, often called lazy eye, is reduced vision in one or occasionally both eyes that results from abnormal visual experience ...

Strabismus is a misalignment of the eyes, so that they do not point at the same object at the same time. Esotropia is an inward tu...

Retinitis pigmentosa, RP, is a group of inherited retinal diseases in which the rod photoreceptors, and later the cones, progressi...

Color blindness, or color vision deficiency, is a reduced ability to distinguish certain colors. The most common forms are red gre...

Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the retina that develops in early childhood, usually before the age of five, and it is the ...

Retinopathy of prematurity, ROP, is a disorder of blood vessel development in the retina of premature infants. Retinal vessels nor...

Uveitis is inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented middle layer of the eye made up of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid, and it ...

Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve, which causes vision loss in one eye developing over hours to days, typically ac...

Papilledema is swelling of the optic discs caused by raised pressure inside the skull. The term is reserved for disc swelling of t...

Ischemic optic neuropathy is damage to the optic nerve caused by an inadequate blood supply, sometimes described as a stroke of th...

Central serous chorioretinopathy, CSCR, is a condition in which fluid accumulates under the retina at the macula, producing a loca...

A macular hole is a small full thickness defect in the center of the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp central ...

An epiretinal membrane is a thin, translucent layer of fibrous tissue that forms on the inner surface of the retina over the macul...

Posterior vitreous detachment, PVD, is the separation of the vitreous gel from the retina at the back of the eye. With age the vit...

Floaters are spots, threads, cobwebs, or rings that drift across the field of vision. They are shadows cast on the retina by small...

Nystagmus is an involuntary, rhythmic oscillation of the eyes, which may be horizontal, vertical, torsional, or mixed. Infantile n...

Blepharitis is chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins and one of the most common causes of eye irritation. Anterior blephariti...

Styes and chalazia are common lumps of the eyelid arising from its glands. A stye, or hordeolum, is an acute bacterial infection, ...

A pterygium is a wing shaped growth of fibrovascular tissue that extends from the conjunctiva onto the cornea, usually on the side...

A subconjunctival hemorrhage is bleeding from a small blood vessel beneath the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the white ...

Computer vision syndrome, also called digital eye strain, is a group of eye and vision related symptoms associated with prolonged ...

Photophobia is abnormal sensitivity to or intolerance of light, in which ordinary levels of illumination cause discomfort or pain....

Ocular migraine is an informal term most often used for the visual aura of migraine, sometimes occurring without a following heada...

Amaurosis fugax, a term meaning fleeting darkness, is a temporary painless loss of vision in one eye, typically lasting seconds to...

Night blindness, or nyctalopia, is difficulty seeing in dim light or adapting from bright to dark conditions. It is a symptom of d...

Accommodative esotropia is a form of childhood strabismus in which the eyes turn inward because of the focusing effort required to...

Ptosis, or blepharoptosis, is a drooping of the upper eyelid. Congenital ptosis is usually caused by poor development of the levat...

Keratitis is inflammation of the cornea, the clear front window of the eye. Infectious keratitis can be caused by bacteria, viruse...

A corneal abrasion is a scrape of the corneal epithelium, the thin outer cell layer of the cornea, caused by fingernails, makeup b...

Retinal vein occlusion occurs when the central retinal vein or one of its branches becomes blocked, so blood backs up and leaks in...

Retinal artery occlusion is a blockage of the central retinal artery or one of its branches, usually by an embolus from the caroti...

Stargardt disease is an inherited degeneration of the macula, the central part of the retina used for reading and recognizing face...

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy is a mitochondrial genetic disease that causes painless, subacute loss of central vision, usuall...

Leber congenital amaurosis is a group of inherited retinal diseases that cause severe vision impairment from birth or early infanc...

Choroideremia is a rare inherited disease in which the choroid, the vascular layer beneath the retina, and the overlying retinal p...

Achromatopsia is a rare inherited retinal condition in which the cone photoreceptors, responsible for color and daylight vision, d...

A coloboma is a congenital gap in one of the structures of the eye, such as the iris, lens, retina, choroid, or optic nerve. It ar...

A congenital cataract is an opacity of the lens present at birth or developing in infancy. Causes include inherited gene variants,...

Convergence insufficiency is a common binocular vision disorder in which the eyes have trouble working together at near distances....

Cortical or cerebral visual impairment is reduced vision caused by damage to the visual pathways and processing areas of the brain...

Optic nerve hypoplasia is a congenital condition in which one or both optic nerves are abnormally small because fewer nerve fibers...

Thyroid eye disease, also called Graves orbitopathy, is an autoimmune condition in which the muscles and fat behind the eye become...

Orbital cellulitis is an infection of the fat and muscles within the bony eye socket, behind the orbital septum. It most often spr...

Scleritis is inflammation of the sclera, the tough white outer coat of the eye. It causes deep, boring eye pain that can radiate t...

Ocular rosacea is the eye manifestation of rosacea, a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes facial flushing and redness....

A pinguecula is a small, raised, yellowish deposit on the conjunctiva, usually on the side of the eye nearest the nose. It is made...

Entropion is an inward turning of the eyelid margin so the lashes rub against the eye, causing irritation, redness, and risk of co...

Trachoma is an eye infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, spread through contact with eye and nose discharge, ha...

Cystoid macular edema is a swelling of the macula in which fluid collects in cyst like spaces between retinal layers, blurring and...

Endophthalmitis is inflammation of the internal fluids and tissues of the eye, the vitreous and aqueous, usually due to infection....

A vitreous hemorrhage is bleeding into the vitreous, the clear gel filling the back of the eye. Depending on the amount of blood, ...

Posterior capsule opacification is the most common long term complication of cataract surgery and is sometimes called a secondary ...

Ectopia lentis is a displacement of the crystalline lens from its normal position behind the pupil, caused by weakness or breakage...

Ocular hypertension describes intraocular pressure above the statistically normal range without detectable damage to the optic ner...

Uveal melanoma is a cancer arising from pigment cells in the uvea, the middle layer of the eye made up of the iris, ciliary body, ...

Diplopia is the perception of two images of a single object. Binocular diplopia disappears when either eye is covered and results ...

Visual snow syndrome is a neurological condition in which people continuously see tiny flickering dots, like the static of an untu...

Charles Bonnet syndrome refers to vivid visual hallucinations experienced by people who have significant vision loss, without psyc...

Hemianopia is the loss of vision in half of the visual field. Because the optic pathways cross at the optic chiasm, damage behind ...

Horner syndrome is a combination of a mildly drooping upper eyelid, a smaller pupil, and sometimes reduced facial sweating on the ...