Pterygium

Fleshy growth creeping across the conjunctiva

Overview

A pterygium is a wing shaped growth of fibrovascular tissue that extends from the conjunctiva onto the cornea, usually on the side nearest the nose. Its name comes from the Greek word for wing. It is strongly associated with ultraviolet light exposure, as well as wind and dust, and is most common in people living near the equator and those who work outdoors, which is why it is sometimes called surfer eye. A pterygium may cause no symptoms, but it can become red and irritated, and larger growths can induce astigmatism or, if they extend across the pupil, obstruct vision. It is benign and distinct from a pinguecula, a yellowish deposit that does not grow onto the cornea. Lubricating and anti inflammatory drops are used for irritation, and surgical excision is performed when the growth threatens vision or causes significant symptoms. Recurrence after simple excision is common, so modern surgery typically covers the bare area with a conjunctival autograft or amniotic membrane, which substantially reduces recurrence.